биография шишкина на английском
Биография шишкина на английском
Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin
(1832-1898)
Ivan Shishkin was born in the small provincial town of Yelabuga. His father, a merchant of modest means, was a great lover of antiquity. In an effort to foster his son’s interest in history he took him to the archeological excavations of the ancient Bulgarian kingdom on the Volga, where he was helping professor K. Nevostruyev from Moscow. In 1844 the boy was sent to the Kazan grammar-school, where he soon found friends with whom he could draw and discuss art. The set-up of the grammar-school, however, was an obstacle to his aspirations and intentions, and after the summer holidays of 1848 he did not go back to the school —’so that I would not become a clerk’, as he put it. Shishkin’s autobiography gives some idea of his activities as a young man, having freed himself from the ‘grammar-school with its narrow-minded formalism’.
In 1852 Shishkin entered the Moscow School of Painting and Sculpture and received a good grounding under the guidance of A. N. Mokritsky. From 1856 to 1860 he continued his studies at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts under S. M. Vorobiov (whom, it should be said, he already outstripped as an artist). The young artist’s successes, which earned him gold and silver medals, upheld the hopes expressed by his former tutor Mokritsky when Shishkin was entering the Academy: ‘We have lost an excellent, talented pupil, but we can expect, with time, to see him turn into an excellent artist if he continues to study with the same love at the Academy.’ Shishkin’s aspiration for ‘authenticity, similarity and a portrait- like quality in the representation of nature’ was already in evidence in the early work *View of the Environs of St. Petersburg* (l856, RM).
In 1858-59 Shishkin often went to the island of Valaam, where the pupils of the Academy had practical summer courses. The severe, majestic scenery there reminded the young artist of the natural beauty of the Urals area, where he had spent his childhood.
For two of his Valaam landscapes Shishkin received in 1860 a first-class gold medal and the right to go abroad. He was in no hurry to leave, however, and in the spring of 1861 went to Yelabuga, where he did a good deal of painting in the countryside—’which can only be of considerable benefit to the landscape-painter’.
He finally went abroad in 1862. Berlin and Dresden left him cold; all he felt was homesickness (‘why am I not in Russia, that I love so?’). Shishkin came to life, however, in Prague, where he ‘met many Czechs’. The people are wonderful and are glad to speak Russian’. He was impressed by the drawings of ‘Slavonic types’ by the great Czech realist of the 1860s, Joseph Manes. In 1863 in Zurich Shishkin visited the studio of the painter and engraver Sir Robert Collier, where he learned about the technique of etching.
The mountain scenes of Switzerland were new ground for the artist, and he produced dozens of sketches, from which he later painted three pictures, in St. Petersburg. Presently, with his colleagues from the Academy, I. I. Kamenev and Ye. F. Dyukker, he began working in the Teutoburg Forest near Duesseldorf. His pen-drawings attracted the attention of many art-lovers. Shishkin himself recalled: ‘Everywhere I went people pointed there goes that
Russian’ and even in shops they would ask whether I was that Russian. Shishkin, who did such marvellous drawings.’
In 1865 Shishkin returned to Russia and received the title of an academician for the painting *View in the Environs of Duesseldorf* ( 1865, RM). He quickly slipped into the capital’s artistic circles and attended the Thursday meetings of the Artists’ Artel. ‘Loudest of all.’ recalled Repin, ‘was the voice of the mighty Ivan Shishkin. Like an enormous green forest he infected everyone with his health, jollity, good appetite and sincere Russian talk. He produced a fair amount of marvelous pen-drawings at these evenings. The audience behind his back used to gasp when he started erasing his wonderful drawing with his huge drayman’s hands and coarse hard-worked fingers, but by some miracle or magic the drawing would emerge from this rough treatment even more elegant and brilliant.’
At the Second Exhibition of Peredvizhniki, Shishkin presented the painting *In the Backwoods* (RM), for which in 1873 he received the title of professor.The composition leads the eye from the shaded foreground to the weak patch of sunlight between the stunted trees in the depths of the wood, and the artist allows one to sense the humid air, the dampness of the mosses and fallen branches, and to soak in this atmosphere, as though one were alone in the oppressive wilderness. Quite different is the famous picture *Rye* (1878, TG), which is spacious and full of sunlight and air; it is an epic piece, a synthesis of the national characteristics of the Russian countryside, of the beloved, important trails which Shishkin saw in it ‘expansiveness; space; fields of rye; God’s paradise; Russian riches. ‘
Despite Shishkin’s successes in landscape- painting, his close friends strongly advised him to pay attention to expressive devices, particularly in conveying qualities of light and air. One had only to think of the fine colouring in the works of Repin and Surikov which were wellknown by that time to appreciate the good sense of this advice. As a result, the appealing thing in Shishkin’s pictures *Misty Morning* (1885, Gorky State Art Museum) and *Pine-Trees in Sunlight* (1886, TG) is not so much the composition as the harmony of chiaroscuro and colour. The same goes for other landscapes, such as *Oaks* (1887, RM), *Golden Autumn* (1888, Perm State Art Gallery) and others.
Forest life is well conveyed in *Morning in a Pine Forest* (1889, TG), which Shishkin painted with K. A. Savitsky, and in *Rain in an Oak Forest* (1891,TG). Apart from painting, Shishkin was also a master of drawing and engraving. His drawing went through the same evolution as his painting. Those of the eighties, which were executed in charcoal and chalk, are much more expressive than the pen-drawings of the sixties. In 1891, more than 600 etudes and etchings were exhibited at the Academy. The exhibition gave a good idea of the scope of this artist who was deeply aware of and sought to express the beauty and heroic power of the Russian countryside.
Shishkin’s career culminated in the grand composition *Grove of Ship Timber* (1898, RM), in which the artist’s experience and mastery expressed the indelible impressions of his childhood. The painting, completed not long before the artists death, depicts the Afonasov grove of ship-building timber near Yelabuga. It displays that familiar combination of great and small, of mighty and fragile, which Shishkin saw so clearly in the scenery of his homeland, and which he loved and glorified so sincerely in his art.
Shishkin died suddenly, on 8 March 1898, while working on the painting *Forest Kingdom*.
Ivan Shishkin short biography
Ivan Shishkin a brief biography of the famous Russian artist is set out in this article.
Ivan Shishkin biography briefly
Famous paintings by Shishkin: “Autumn”, “Rye”, “Morning in a pine forest”, “Before a thunderstorm” and others.
Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin was born on January 13 (25), 1832 in Elabuga, a small town, in the family of a poor merchant.
From childhood he was fond of drawing. Parents tried to attract him to trade, but to no avail.
In 1852 he went to Moscow for admission to the School of Painting and Sculpture and for the first time passed a serious school of drawing and painting. Shishkin read a lot and thought about art and came to the conclusion that the artist needs to study nature and follow it.
In Moscow, he studied under the guidance of Professor A. A. Mokritsky. In the years 1856-60. continues his studies at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts with a landscape painter S. M. Vorobyov. Its development is rapidly. He worked with other young landscape painters on the island of Valaam. For his success, Shishkin receives all possible awards.
In 1860 he was awarded the Great Gold Medal for the landscape “View on Valaam Island”. Receiving the Big Gold Medal at the end of the Academy in 1860 gave Shishkin the right to a business trip abroad, but first he went to Kazan and further to Kama. I wanted to visit my native land. Only in the spring of 1862 did he go abroad.
For 3 years he lived in Germany and Switzerland. Engaged in the studio of the painter and engraver K. Roller. Before his trip, he was known as a brilliant draftsman. In 1865, for the painting «View in the vicinity of Dusseldorf» received the title of academician. Since 1873 he became a professor of art.
I. I. Shishkin was the first Russian landscape painter of the second half of the 19th century who attached great importance to the sketch from nature. The theme of the solemn and clear beauty of his native land was the main one for him.
Shishkin was engaged not only in drawing, but in 1894 he began to teach at the Higher Art School at the Academy of Arts, he knew how to value talents.
Among young artists Shishkin enjoyed well-deserved respect. The best achievements of the artist were manifested in the painting “Ship Grove”.
Урок в 10–11-м классах «Ivan Shishkin is the Great Russian Painter»
Цели и задачи урока:
Обучающие – формирование умений и навыков чтения, говорения (в том числе спонтанного) и письма (написание биографии известного художника) по теме с использованием продуктивной грамматики.
Развивающие – развитие способности к догадке на основе зрительной наглядности, стремления познавать через картины окружающий мир, развивать воображение, языковую интуицию, обобщать факты и формулировать выводы из прочитанного.
Воспитывающие – приобретение новых знаний о русском художнике Иване Шишкине и формирование уважительного отношения к нему, как талантливому художнику, автору многих известных картин, изображающих русскую природу.
Оснащение урока: мультимедийный проектор, компьютерная презентация о жизни и творчестве И. Шишкина, выполненная в программе Power Point (Приложение), или репродукции картин, раздаточный материал.
Ход урока
1. Возбуждение познавательного интереса и мотивации чтения текста. Вводное слово учителя.
Показываю компьютерное изображение или репродукцию картины И. Шишкина «Утро в сосновом бору» и спрашиваю, кто написал эту картину.
Teacher (T): Children, look at this picture and say who painted this work of art. (Shishkin) Yes, you are right. This picture was painted by Ivan Shishkin. Today we are going to talk about one of the greatest Russian artist Ivan Shishkin. What do you know about him? Have you ever seen his other paintings?
2. PRE-READING ACTIVITY
(T): I guess everybody knows his painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” («Утро в сосновом бору»). What can you see in the picture? Can you say what genre of art did the artist follow in his paintings?
Учащиеся описывают сюжет картины и приходят к выводу, что картина изображает природу и художник передает в ней свое восхищение и любовь к родной природе.
3. READING
(T): Would you like to get know more about Ivan Shishkin? Now take the text and read the task above it. (Read the text and fill in the blanks with suitable forms of words given in capital letters in the right-hand side). You can work in pairs. Then you will compare your answers with your classmates` ones. (См. текст в Приложении, ниже приводится полный текст.)
Учащиеся читают текст индивидуально или в парах, преобразуя слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами справа так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста (Приложение).
Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin (1832 – 1898)
Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin was born on the 25 of January, 1832. He was a Russian landscape painter closely associated with the Peredvizhniki movement.
Shishkin was born in the town of Elabuga of Vyatka Governorate (today Republic of Tatarstan) in the family of a local merchant. His father was also an archaelogist, a historian and an engineer, too. He was an author of “History of Elabuga”. His father was the only among the close people who supported his son Ivan to become an artist.
Ivan Shishkin graduated from Kazan gymnasia. He then studied at Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture for 4 years, after that attended Saint Petersburg Imperial Academy of Arts from 1856 to 1860, graduating with the highest honors and a gold medal. He received the Imperial scholarship for his further studies in Europe. Five years later Shishkin became a member of the Imperial Academy in St. Petersburg and was a professor of painting from 1873 to 1898. At the same time, Shishkin headed the landscape painting class at the Higher Art School in St. Petersburg.
For some time, Shishkin lived and worked in Switzerland and Germany on scholarship from the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Arts. On his return to Saint Petersburg, he became a member of the Circle of the Itinerants and of the Society of Russian Watercolorists. He also took part in exhibitions at the Academy of Arts, the All Russian Exhibition in Moscow (1882), the Nizhniy Novgorod (1896), and the World Fairs (Paris, 1867 and 1878, and Vienna, 1873). Shishkin’s painting method was based on analytical studies of nature. He became famous for his forest landscapes, and was also an outstanding draftsman and a printmaker.
Ivan Shishkin owned a dacha in Vyra, south of St. Petersburg. There he painted some of his finest landscapes. His works are notable for poetic depiction of seasons in the woods, wild nature, animals and birds. Among the most well-known pictures painted by Shishkin are “Morning in a Pine Forest”, “A Rye Field”, “Rain in an Oak Forest”, “Midnight. At Moskva suburbs”, “The golden autumn” and others.
Looking at his pictures we can understand his deep love to Motherland – Russia. Sunny yellow, bright green are main colours in his pictures. Even being abroad Shishkin was missing his native land and always returned with great pleasure.
He died in 1898, in St. Petersburg, Russia, while working on his new painting.
4. POST-READING
Проверка выполненного задания. Учащиеся сравнивают свои ответы с ответами одноклассников.
5. Выполнение послетекстового задания: соотнесите слова из текста и их определения.
(T): Now let us see how well you understood some words in the text. Match the words and their definitions:
Биография шишкина на английском
Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin (Russian: Иван Иванович Шишкин, 13 (25) January 1832 – 8 (20) March 1898) was a Russian landscape painter closely associated with the Peredvizhniki movement.
Russian landscape painter, artist, draftsman and printmaker. Academician (1865), professor (1873), head of landscape workshop (1894-1895) of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. Founder and member of the Peredvizhniki movement. Master of lithography and etching. Outstanding landscape master, he inherently combines romanticism and realism features in his paintings and graphics.
The works of this outstanding artist enjoy vast popularity in Russia; the best of them have become the classics of Russian landscape painting. During 40 years of his artistic activity Ivan Shishkin produced hundreds of paintings, thousands of studies and drawings and a large number of engravings. For contemporaries, Shishkin’s personality embodied Russian nature itself; they called him “forest tzar”, “old pine tree”, and “lonely oak”.
Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin was born in the town of Elabuga of Vyatka Governorate (today Republic of Tatarstan) into the family of a merchant, and graduated from the Kazan gymnasium.
During his stay abroad Shishkin engaged in lithography and etching. His numerous pen drawings caught the eye of the Dusseldorf public and critics by their virtuoso hatching and filigree treatment of detail. In 1865, Shishkin painted his View near Dusseldorf for which he was awarded the title of Academician and which was shown at the 1867 World Fair in Paris.
In 1865, he returned to Russia and settled in St. Petersburg, where he joined the Itinerants’ Society of Traveling Exhibitions (Peredvizhniki).
He also took part in exhibitions at the Academy of Arts, the All Russian Exhibition in Moscow (1882), the Nizhniy Novgorod (1896), and the World Fairs (Paris, 1867 and 1878, and Vienna,1873). Shishkin’s painting method was based on analytical studies of nature. He became famous for his forest landscapes, and was also an outstanding draftsman and a printmaker.
Shishkin became a member of the Imperial Academy in St. Petersburg and was professor of painting from 1873 to 1898. At the same time, Shishkin headed the landscape painting class at the Higher Art School in St. Petersburg.
He died in his studio at the easel with newly begun canvas.
Ivan Shishkin owned a dacha in Vyra, south of St. Petersburg. There he painted some of his finest landscapes. His works are notable for poetic depiction of seasons in the woods, wild nature, animals and birds.
Despite the fact that he espoused different aesthetic principles and advocated a different artistic system, Shishkin enjoyed an indisputable authority among young Russian painters of the late 19th century. The new generation did not fail to acknowledge him as a thoughtful and masterful portrayer of Russian nature.
переведите на английский плиз
БИОГРАФИЯ ИВАНА ШИШКИНА
Иван Иванович Шишкин – известный русский художник (пейзажист, живописец, гравер) и академик.
Родился Иван в городе Елабуга в 1832 году в купеческой семье. Первое образование художник получил в казанской гимназии. Проучившись там четыре года, Шишкин поступил в одно из московских училищ живописи.
После окончания этого училища в 1856 году, образование продолжил в Академии Художеств Петербурга. В стенах данного заведения Шишкин получал знания до 1865 года. Кроме академического рисунка художник также оттачивал свое мастерство за пределами Академии, в различных живописных местах пригорода Санкт-Петербурга. Сейчас картины Ивана Шишкина ценятся как никогда высоко.
В 1860 году Шишкин получил важную награду – золотую медаль Академии. Художник направляется в Мюнхен. Потом – в Цюрих. Всюду занимается в мастерских самых известных художников того времени. За картину «Вид в окрестностях Дюссельдорфа» он вскоре получил звание академика.
В 1866 году Иван Шишкин возвращается в Петербург. Шишкин, путешествуя по России представлял затем свои полотна на различных выставках. Он написал очень много картин соснового леса, среди наиболее известных – «Ручей в лесу», «Утро в сосновом бору», «Сосновый лес», «Туман в сосновом лесу», «Заповедник. Сосновый бор». Также художник показывал свои картины и в Товариществе передвижных выставок. Шишкин был членом кружка аквафортистов. В 1873 году художник получил звание профессора в Академии Художеств, а после какое-то время был руководителем учебной мастерской.
ТВОРЧЕСТВО ИВАНА ИВАНОВИЧА ШИШКИНА
Раннее творчество
Для ранних работ мастера («Вид на острове Валааме», 1858, Киевский музей русского искусства; «Рубка леса», 1867, Третьяковская галерея) характерна некоторая дробность форм; придерживаясь традиционного для романтизма «кулисного» построения картины, четко размечая планы, он не достигает еще убедительного единства образа.
В таких картинах, как «Полдень. В окрестностях Москвы» (1869, там же), это единство предстает уже очевидной реальностью, прежде всего за счет тонкой композиционной и свето-воздушно-колористической координации зон неба и земли, почвы (последнюю Шишкин чувствовал особенно проникновенно, в этом отношении не имея себе равных в русском пейзажном искусстве).
Зрелость
В 1870-е гг. Иван Шишкин входил в пору безусловной творческой зрелости, о которой свидетельствуют картины «Сосновый бор. Мачтовый лес в Вятской губернии» (1872) и «Рожь» (1878; обе — Третьяковская галерея).
Обычно избегая зыбких, переходных состояний природы, художник Иван Шишкин фиксирует ее высший летний расцвет, достигая впечатляющего тонального единства именно за счет яркого, полуденного, летнего света, определяющего всю колористическую шкалу. Монументально-романтический образ Природы с большой буквы неизменно присутствует в картинах. Новые же, реалистические веяния, проступают в том проникновенном внимании, с которым выписываются приметы конкретного куска земли, уголка леса или поля, конкретного дерева.
Иван Шишкин — замечательный поэт не только почвы, но и дерева, тонко чувствующий характер каждой породы [в наиболее типических своих записях он обычно поминает не просто «лес», но лес из «осокорея, вязов и частью дубов» (дневник 1861 года) или «лес еловый, сосновый, осина, береза, липа» (из письма И. В. Волковскому, 1888)].
С особой охотой художник пишет породы самые мощные и крепкие типа дубов и сосен — в стадии зрелости, старости и, наконец, смерти в буреломе. Классические произведения Ивана Ивановича — такие, как «Рожь» или «Среди долины ровныя…» (картина названа по песне А. Ф. Мерзлякова; 1883, Киевский музей русского искусства), «Лесные дали» (1884, Третьяковская галерея) — воспринимаются как обобщенные, эпические образы России.
Художнику Ивану Шишкину одинаково удаются и далевые виды, и лесные «интерьеры» («Сосны, освещенные солнцем», 1886; «Утро в сосновом лесу» где медведи написаны К. А. Савицким, 1889; обе — там же). Самостоятельную ценность имеют его рисунки и этюды, представляющие собой детализованный дневник природной жизни.